Gordon, George H. (1823-1886). Union Brevet Major General, USMA 1846. ALS, 2pp, 7.5 x 9.5 in., " Folly Island, SC." August 26, 1864. Addressed to Hon. Henry Wilson, US Senate.

In his letter to Senator Wilson, Gordon bemoans the costs of war, which he calculates at " more than half a million a day. " His grievances focus specifically on the efforts of General Quincy Gillmore, whose operations " have not rendered the taking of the city of Charleston, possibly Charleston can be taken by Grant better than by Gillmore. Sumter is stronger than ever. . . for this, Gillmore's work has cost the Govt. more than one hundred and twenty millions of dollars ."

He also addresses the use of African American troops, a controversial topic at the time: " Let colored troops garrison such points as it is desirable to hold. Leave a small garrison in Morris Island, and then send from here more than twenty thousand good white troops (veterans) to Grant or Meade. "

Extremely rare original manuscript orders for the evacuation of Charleston, 4pp, approx. 7.25 x 9.5 in., " Hd Qrs 2d & 3d Sub Dists SC / Charleston ." February 15, 1865. Addressed to " Col Anderson / Comdg post at Charleston SC. " Manuscript marked " Confidential " at top.

This order is believed to have been sent by General Hardee, listing thirteen specific steps to be followed during the evacuation, including the following provision:

I desire you to make every preparation for the destruction, early Friday night, of your guns and gun carriages and such powder as may be left in your magazines as may be consistent with a safe retreat. To attempt to burst your guns or blow up your magazines would perhaps be a premature intimation of our intention to the enemy: therefore you will destroy the gun carriages, as far as practicable, by sawing and cutting them to pieces, your guns by spiking and shooting them, and your powder by throwing it into the water.

In closing, he notes that he " shall rely upon your judgement and discretion to give such other instructions as you may deem necessary to accomplish the desired object " of evacuating the city.

Lot of 3, including 2 printed documents relating to the re-raising of the US Flag at Fort Sumter on April 14, 1865. Major Robert Anderson lowered the flag upon the evacuation of the Fort on April 14, 1861, and at the end of the war, the flag was raised once again exactly four years later.

The first document is an original copy of General Order No. 50 from the War Department Adjutant General's Office, dated March 27, 1865. Issued by order of the President and sent by Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War. Accompanied by original cover inviting Hon. John H. Clifford to the flag raising ceremony. Cover franked by E.D. Townsend, the Assistant Adjutant General, who was tasked with sending out copies of this General Order. " Fort Sumter April 14 1865 " printed on the left side of the envelope, perhaps by Clifford upon receipt of the invitation.

The Order has four main parts: 1) at noon on April 14, 1865, Brevet Major General Anderson will raise the flag on Fort Sumter, 2) there will be a 100-gun salute " from every fort and Rebel Battery that fired upon Fort Sumter, " 3) Major General William T. Sherman or Major General Quincy A. Gillmore will lead ceremonies, with the Reverend Henry Ward Beecher delivering a public address, and 4) all Naval Forces at Charleston will be invited to participate.

The second document is a program from the ceremony, officially titled, " Programme of the Order of Exercises at the Re-raising of the United States Flag, on Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC April 14, 1865, on the Fourth Anniversary of the evacuation of the Fort," cover and 3 pp, Port Royal, SC: New South Office, 1865. Outlines order of exercises, including prayer, readings, songs, and Beecher's address.

Lee, Robert E. (1807-1870, USMA 1829). Contemporaneous copy of war-date letter, 4pp, approx. 16 x 10 in., " Head Quarters, A[rmy] N[orthern] V[irginia]. " January 11, 1865. Addressed to Virginia Senator Andrew Hunter. In this letter, General Lee shares his opinion on the use of African American troops in the Confederate Military. It is one of only four wartime copies (headed " Copy" at top left) of the original letter, now lost, known to exist.

Though Lee would " prefer. . . to rely upon our white population to preserve the ratio between our forces and those of the enemy, " he fears this would prove " overtaxing " to Confederate troops. He elaborates further: " Should the war continue under existing circumstances, the enemy may in course of time penetrate our country, and get access to a large part of our negro population. It is his avowed policy to convert the able bodied men among them into soldiers, and emancipate all. . . His people will thus add to his numbers, and at the same time destroy slavery in a manner most pernicious to the welfare of our people. "

Given these conditions, Lee writes that he is of the " opinion. . . that we should employ them without delay. I believe that with proper regulation, they can be made efficient soldiers ." He outlines some regulatory measures for the use of African American troops, noting: " But it is certain that the best foundation upon which the fidelity of any army can rest. . . is the personal interest of the soldier in the issue of the contest. Such an interest we can give our negroes, by granting immediate freedom to all who enlist, and freedom at the end of the war to the families of those who discharge their duties faithfully. . .We should not expect slaves to fight for prospective freedom, when they can secure it at once by going to the enemy. "

Lee believes that this plan would " greatly increase our Military strength ," while simultaneously depriving the Union forces of " the aid they now derive from black troops. " Regardless of the path forward, however, he concludes by saying that " whatever measures are to be adopted should be adopted at once. Every day's delay increases the difficulty. . . & action may be deferred until it is too late. "

Printed order, 5 x 8 in. General Orders No. 6. Headed "Head Quarters Army of Northern Va., / March 1st, 1865." Order announces that "The President of the Confederate States at the request of the Representatives in Congress assembled, has appointed the 10th day of March as a day of public humiliation, fasting, and prayer." Lee invites his soldiers to " bow with patience and deep humility before Almighty God who has sorely chastened us, beseeching Him to turn again and cause His face to shine upon us ." This general order was made to be handed out to leaders of the Army of Northern Virginia. Undersigned in print, " R. E. Lee, / General. "

Johnston, Joseph E. (1807-1891). One of the most senior general officers in the Confederate Army. ALS, 1p, Harper's Ferry, VA. June 10, 1861.

Right after the firing on Fort Sumter, the Virginia Militia under orders of the Governor made their move on the US Arsenal at Harper's Ferry, VA and captured it. The Virginia Militia Officer who captured the Arsenal was Kenton Harper, who led the 5th Virginia. Thomas J. Jackson, who would earn the name "Stonewall" one month after this letter was written had Brigadier General J.E. Johnston as his commander, and it was Jackson who would shortly be placed in command of Harper's Ferry and Winchester.

The content of the letter offered here is excellent in that Johnston refers to the need for reinforcements in the Shepardstown area and mentions Colonel Stuart. The letter reads, in part, "The force at Shepardstown being too small for the service requires of it, you will please proceed to that place early tomorrow with the remainder of your regiment and take command. The service required of you, will be the observation of all crossing places of the Potomac between this point and those observed by Col. Stuart."

Stuart, James Ewell Brown (1833-1864). Confederate cavalry corps commander mortally wounded at the Battle of Yellow Tavern on May 1, 1864. ANS on blue Confederate paper, 3.5 x 3.5 in., " Hd Qrs Cav Div ." February 7, 1863. Note reads " Resp. forwarded & recommended / that Wm Collins be commis- / sioned Captain of Co. H. / 3d Va Cavalry / J.E.B. Stuart / Major Genl / Comdg. " Inscribed in red ink just below Stuart's recommendation is a notation reading " Recd Ansrd / Feb 11/63 / Retd / Mar 4/63. " Inscribed in blue pencil below ink notation is the word " Enclosure ."

A native of Catawba, VA, William Collins, Jr. was practicing law in his hometown when the Civil War broke out. Collins enlisted in the Confederate Army on May 25, 1861 and was soon elected Captain of Company H (Catawba Troop), 3rd Virginia Cavalry Regiment. During the company reelections in April of the following year, Collins was unseated from his office. Possessed of the admirable traits that constitute a brave and disciplined cavalry commander, Collins came under the watchful eye of General J.E.B. Stuart, who vigorously pushed for his reinstatement. In accordance with General Stuart's recommendation, Collins was appointed captain of Company H in the 3rd Virginia Cavalry on March 2, 1863. Three weeks later, Captain Collins was specifically cited in then-Brigadier General Fitzhugh Lee's official report of the Battle of Kelly's Ford, VA as one of the " Commanding officers of the detachments from the various regiments...deserving especial attention ..." A seasoned veteran who had consistently distinguished himself in the line of fire, Captain Collins died of typhoid fever in December of 1864.

Hill, A.P. (1825-1865). Confederate General. Folded blue stationery printed letter and cover from the "Coast Survey Office, Washington, March 15 1861." The printed body of the letter pertains to the 1859 Report of the Superintendent of the Coast Survey and reads, in part, "As there are frequent complaints of failure to receive documents entrusted to the mail, I take this means to advise you of the book being forwarded..." It is signed and typed "W.R. Palmer, Capt. Top'l Engineers."

On the front of the letter A.P. Hill has autographed above the title " Asst. C.S. in charge of Office. " A large Washington, DC March 19, 1861 free postmark is also included.

Autographs of the Confederacy lists Ambrose Powell Hill as a "rare and desirable signature." He was one of the most efficient and hard-fighting officers in the Confederate Army and was killed on April 2, 1865 during the Battle of Petersburg.

Lot of 2 letters written by George Williamson Finley (ca 1839-1909), of Clarksville, VA, including a personal letter to his wife and a letter requesting a leave of absence, signed by General Lewis Armistead on verso, both dated August of 1862.

ALS, 1p with subsequent correspondence notation on verso, 7.5 x 9.75 in., " Head Quarters, 14th Regt, Camp at Osborne [?]." August 5, 1862. Addressed to Captain J.D. Darden, A.A.G. Here, Finley writes to " respectfully ask leave to go to Charlotte, Va. to visit. . . family " for three days. His request is " approved and respectfully forwarded " with the signature of " L.A. Armistead, Br. Genl ." Lewis Armistead (1817-1863) was a career United States Army officer, remembered as the leader of Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg, where he was mortally wounded. Finley's request was ultimately denied, however, by General Daniel Harvey Hill, who wrote " Disapproved, D.H. Hill " at the very bottom of the document.

ALS, 2pp, 7.5 x 9.5 in., " Camp near Falling Creek ." August 9, 1862. Addressed to Mrs. G.W. Finley, his " darling wife. " Writing a few days later, Finley enclosed his rejected appeal for leave, apologizing for his inability to get away but assuring her that " never mind, I shall try again. " He seems to grow increasingly discouraged by the end of the letter, however, writing: " I am low-spirited. . . darling, I can't write this morning. I expected to have seen you before many hours, but alas! alas! Major Genl. D.H. Hill was in the way. "

Finley attended Washington and Lee University and worked as a bank manager upon his graduation in 1858. He enlisted on May 12, 1861 as a captain and was commissioned into Company E, 14th Virginia Infantry. He was absent because of an illness for much of that fall and resigned his commission the following year on November 5, 1862. On April 15, 1863 he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant and commissioned into Company K of the 56th Virginia Infantry and was captured at Gettysburg a few months later. After enduring confinement at Fort Delaware, Johnson's Island, Point Lookout, and Hilton Head, Finley took the Oath of Allegiance and was released on May 14, 1865. During his imprisonment, Finley sought refuge in Christianity and decided to become a minister. After the war, he entered the Union Theological Seminary and became a pastor in Augusta County, VA.

Map hand drawn in ink, approx. 5.25 x 7.75 in., with penciled inscriptions identifying landmarks and important locations including " Carnifex Ferr y," " New River ," " Camp / Aug, 21 ," and others. Ink inscription on verso reads " Sketch drawn by / Genl Wise ," and pencil inscription on verso reads " Sketch drawn by Genl Wise / in the Council of War held / at Picket's Mill at midnight / on Wednesday, Aug 21st 1861. / J.W. Spalding ."

Henry Alexander Wise (1806-1876) was a Virginia native who served his state and his country by holding several important political offices including US Representative from 1833-1844, US Minister to Brazil from 1844-1847, and Governor of Virginia from 1856-1860. As an elected member of the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861, Wise argued for immediate secession and grew concerned with what he saw as inaction on the part of the convention through mid-April. Once Virginia did secede, Wise was commissioned a brigadier general and assigned to the western Virginia region, where he feuded with fellow ex-Governor of Virginia and brigadier general, John B. Floyd. Floyd eventually blamed Wise for the Confederate defeat at the Battle of Carnifex Ferry, which is referenced on the hand drawn map featured in this lot. Wise went on to command a brigade in the division of Theophilus H. Holmes during the Seven Days Battles, and to defend Petersburg during the First and Second Battles of Petersburg. Notably, Wise was also with Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House, where he urged Lee toward surrender.

J.W. Spalding served as a naval clerk prior to the Civil War, in which capacity he sailed to Japan with Commodore Matthew C. Perry. After the war began, Spalding enlisted at Richmond, VA on August 20, 1861 as a lieutenant, and was commissioned into Company H of the Virginia 60th Infantry that same day. He was later promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and put in command of his regiment, which was also known as "Wise's Legion." He was killed while attacking Union lines a little over a month after enlisting, and was buried at Shockoe Cemetery in Richmond.

Pender, William Dorsey (1834-1863). Confederate general who entered service as a colonel of the 6th North Carolina Infantry. Mortally wounded at Gettysburg. In the center of this dark yellow cover is the postmark " Bristoe Station, Va., Sep. 4 (1861). " There is a circular " DUE 5 " to the left. In the upper left corner in dark ink is written, "W.D. Pender, Col. 6th NC Troops".

While Autographs of the Confederacy calls this, "A signature impossible to obtain," over the years collectors have been able to find envelopes addressed by Pender to his wife: "Mrs. W.D. Pender, Salem, NC." They thus have the autograph after the prefix of "Mrs." Out of the various covers seen, this is one of the only known with a return address giving Pender's name and rank.

State of Missouri obsolete $2 bank note, 5.75 x 3 in., issued in Jefferson City, MO January 1, 1864 (redated from 1862). Features state seal at right with two standing grizzly bears and boy with a dog and two horses at top. Signed on verso by Confederate General Meriwether Jeff Thompson, who gave it to his friend J.K. Brady as a souvenir. Inscription reads: " This is one of the identical notes paid me for my services. / M Jeff Thompson / Brig. Genl. M.S.G. "

In Missouri, Thompson (1826-1876) organized the "Swamp Rats" to raid Union military posts and towns, which earned him the nickname of "Swamp Fox" of the Confederacy. He was captured in August of 1862 and was one of seven Confederate generals confined at Johnson's Island. Apparently a well-liked inmate, Thompson commanded a brigade in the great prison snowball fight of 1864.

Appomattox parole pass, 7.75 x 3 in., dated April 10, 1865. Pass grants Private Charles E. Kirkman, Co. A, 12th Virginia Infantry, Weisenger's Brigade, " permission to go to his home and there remain undisturbed ." Signed and endorsed by Major Richard W. Jones. Recto features blue ink " Provost Marshal's / Petersburg / Office " stamp; verso features ink inscriptions, a few of which are legible, including " Petersburg ," " Peters ," and " May 1st ."

Meade, Richard Kidder (1835-1862). Confederate officer. ALS, 6pp, 2 sheets, first 10 x 8 in., second 5 x 8 in., " Yorktown." June 14, 1861. Addressed to " My Dear Sister, " Susan Meade Bolling. Nicknamed "Kidder," Meade bears the remarkable distinction of service in both the Union and Confederate armies. After graduating from West Point in 1857, Meade was assigned as an engineer officer in Charleston, SC and tasked with harbor fortifications. He later joined the garrison at Fort Sumter and is purportedly responsible for dissuading Major Robert Anderson from firing back against the attackers of the Star of the West. However, when Meade learned that his home state of Virginia had seceded from the Union, he reluctantly resigned his commission and returned to Richmond, where he became a captain and oversaw the planning of the defenses at Yorktown. During the summer of 1862, Meade contracted typhoid fever and died at his home in Petersburg that July. Here, he writes to his sister from Yorktown and describes the Battle of Big Bethel, June 10, 1861.

He writes in part: " Since i have been here, our scouting parties operating between here and Hampton have succeeded in killing two or three of the enemy and taking six or seven prisoners, and on last Monday (June 10th) we gained a splendid victory over the Yankees at Bethel Church. " He goes on to describe the logistics of the operation, noting that while the Union forces outnumbered the Confederates, they " did not expect to meet with any resistance between Hampton & Yorktown so were very much astonished when they met with such determined resistance at Bethel Church. . . their loss in killed & wounded amounted in all to nearly 300. . . They retreated in the utmost confusion throwing away their knapsacks, canteens and accoutrements to accelerate their flight which have been picked up and will be of great service to our men. "

Lot of 15 pieces of correspondence related to Confederate soldiers stationed in Virginia, primarily 1862-1864, including twelve war-date letters, written either by or to soldiers; one handwritten obituary of a Civil War veteran dated 1919; one contractual agreement; and one document certifying the appointment of a soldier's attorney.

Identified recipients and letter writers include Private Andrew W. Gillett, Company K, 52nd VA Infantry, wounded at Fredericksburg; Private Daniel Gillett, Company G, 25th VA Infantry; Private John Wesley Gillett, Company K, 52nd VA Infantry, wounded at Fort Stedman and POW; J.P. Jones, Company H, 24th VA Infantry; Private William George Perry, who served with both the 14th and 36th VA Cavalry regiments, POW; Sergeant Albert G. Sigler, Company D, 34th VA Infantry; and Lieutenant J.E. Wood.

Soldiers' letters cover topics such as personal health, conditions at camp, and requests for family news. Sergeant Sigler writes to his family on September 11, 1863 that his regiment has " just received the orders to be ready at a moments notice to march, I have no Eidey wheare to. " The 34th VA served as heavy artillery attached to the Department of Richmond for the duration of 1863, before being assigned to Wise's Brigade as infantry, where the unit participated in the Petersburg siege near the James River. About a month later, J.P. Jones writes to his sister that although " times are verry quiet in Camp [at Taylorsville Station]. . . the intelligence from Lee Army this morning state that he has driven the Yankies back to their fortifications from Manassas & Centerville. There has been some very heavy skermishing with him and Meade but no general engagement up to this time. Future developments will prove all things ." Finally, a letter from an unidentified sender at a camp of occupation in Frederick County, VA writes to his sister on October 3, 1862: " We have halted at this place longer than any point since we left Richmond and have not been here but a short time. Times are very quiet in camp but it is uncertain how long they will remain so. I learn today that the Yankies have again. . . cropped the Potomac and advanced as far as Martinsburg. If that report be correct. . . you will hear of another engagement. I am very much in hopes it is not time as I am indeed very tired of the article you call war. "

Ward, Warren. ALS, 2pp, 4.5 x 7.75 in., " In Line of Battle Atlanta ." August 22, 1864. Addressed to Colonel A.F. Pope. Also included is a turned cover, previously addressed to a " Captain T.S. Gilham " of Lexington, GA, and reused to send letter featured here. It is addressed to Ward's uncle, " Col. A.F. Pope " of Macon, GA, and marked with a red " PAID " stamp at upper right corner and a red cancellation from Lexington, GA at lower left corner.

Confederate Private Warren Ward of Company C, 1st Georgia Battalion Sharpshooters, writes to his uncle from the battlefield, detailing his perilous situation. Ward writes, " I found the Battalion of Sharpshooters to which I formerly belonged disbanded there was so few of them left that the command was ineffectuall [sic] ." He continues, " I am now with my regiment of which there are six companys [sic]. I have had two of my best men killed in this campaign, they wer [sic] noble soldiers. One of my comp has greatly distinguished himself since I left ."

Ward also discusses the mindset of his fellow soldiers, writing, " The boys don't seem to entertain any thought of the enemys [sic] whiping [sic] us here. " He then returns to the reality of their circumstances, explaining, " Our regiment has lost heavily in both officers & men. Prisoners captured speak of our chargin [sic] their works they don't seem to think of chargin [sic] us. I have but little idea that Hood will attempt any such a thing. "

Ward's final commentary on the battlefront comes near the end of his letter. He writes, " Since I reached here my regiment has had a great deal of running about to do for we were acting as reserve but now we are back in the trenches with the Brig. The enemy keep up an irregular shelling all the time and there is a constant pickett firing going on. "

Lot of 2 notebooks, one 8.5 x 12 in. with soft cloth cover, the other 9 x 11 in. with paper cover and cloth spine. Confederate regimental account books kept by Sergeant Rufus H. Owen, Company G, 6th Virginia Cavalry, documenting lost and captured equipment, ca April-December of 1863.

Inside the first is an index page listing the names of the enlisted men in Owen’s unit. The following pages are headed with the name and rank of each soldier, with a ledger kept below recording the dates and quantities of various supplies lost and captured, tallied in either the debit column (“ Dr ”) or credit column (“ Cr ”). Commonly listed items include cartridge boxes, clothing, pistols, saddles, bridles, and other tack equipment, with one loose paper scrap inventorying the number of captured and killed horses. Pages towards the end summarize broader categories, including “ A List of Clothing issued to the men, ” “ Discharged, Killed, and Dead members of Company (G) 6th Va Cavalry ,” an inventory of arms issued to the regiment, payroll, and any balances carried forward by members of the unit. Dates in this book span ca April—June, 1863.

The second book, titled “ Book B ” on first page, covers July through December and appears to have fewer entries for each soldier, though it is organized much in the same way as the first. End reports here capture information such as “ Property Return of Capt. R.H. Owen’s Co. G. ,” “ List of Horses Sent to the Pasture, November 1863 ,” and “ An Inventory of Ord. Stores in Co. (G ).”

The 6th Virginia Cavalry was organized in November of 1861 at Manassas and served with several brigades in the Army of Northern Virginia. It fought in Jackson’s Valley Campaign, as well as at Second Manassas, Brandy Station, Upperville, Fairfield, The Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor. The regiment was also active in Early’s Shenandoah Valley operations and the Appomattox Campaign.

Lot of 2: Muster and Pay Roll, 18th Mississippi Volunteers Captain C[harles]. F. Hamer, Co. D. From August 31 to November 1, 1861. The unit organized in June 1861 at Corinth, Mississippi. Shortly after it was ordered to Virginia in time to fight at First Manassas. It lost 38 in that battle, but the Battle of Ball's Bluff near Leesburg saw losses of more than double that. Then at Malvern Hill it lost 132.

Accompanied by Pocket Dictionary of the English Language , 3 x 4.5 in., identified to John F. League, Co. H, 18th MS Infantry. He enlisted April 29, 1861, mustering in with the 18th in June. KIA second battle at Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863 (Marye's Heights).

Richardson, Lieutenant Colonel William H., compiler. A Manual of Infantry and Rifle Tactics, with Honors Paid by the Troops, Inspections - Reviews, &c . Richmond (VA): A. Morris, 1861. 16mo, originally half-leather over marbled paper boards, 360pp. Frontis fold-out of military formation.

On ffep " Geo. W. Thomas, Jr. / Richmond, Va. / July 5th, 1861 ." Other name on second fep, likely later owner. Unfortunately HDS returns over 140 George Thomases, over three dozen of which are George W. More than 30 of the George Thomases are from Virginia.

A rare Southern imprint, put together, as the compiler notes in the preface: " This compilation was undertaken to meet a pressing and urgent call for books of tactics, at a time when none of the more elaborate works, which had been in use, could be procured ."

Hill & Co's Confederate States Rail-Road & Steam-Boat Guide , compiled by J.C. Swayze, and published by H.P. Hill & Co., Griffin, GA. Copyrighted 1862, this edition dated April 1863. 96 pp, 4.25 x 6 in. Title page lists contents, in part, reading " Time-Tables, Fares, Connections and Distances on all the Rail-Roads of the Confederates States; also, the connecting lines of Rail-Roads, Steam-boats and Stages ."

Lot of 2 pieces of illustrated sheet music, each approx. 9.5 x 12 in., including " Who Will Care for Mother Now?" (4pp), and " The Southern Cross " (3pp), both published by Geo. Dunn & Co., Columbia, SC and copyrighted by George Dunn in 1863 " in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Confederate States of America, for the Eastern District of Virginia. " Both songs were favorites among Confederate soldiers.

"Who Will Care for Mother Now? " 4pp, features music written by C.F. Thompson and poetry written by C.C. Sawyer, the author of another popular Confederate ballad, " When This Cruel War is Over. " Lyrics read, in part, " Who will comfort her in sorrow? / Who will dry the falling tear? / Gently smooth her wrinkled forehead; / Who will whisper words of cheer? / Even now, I think I see her, / Kneeling, praying for me! how / Can I leave her in her anguish? / Who will care for Mother now? "

"The Southern Cross ," 3pp, features music written by C.L. Peticolas and words written by St. George Tucker. This was a very famous Confederate song patterned after " The Star Spangled Banner, " attempting to adapt the style of the patriotic ballad to the Confederate cause. Some of the song's most provocative lyrics read, in part, " How peaceful and blest was America's soil, / 'Til betrayed by the guile of the Puritan demon, / Which lurks under Virtue, and springs from its coil, / To fasten its fangs in the life blood of Freemen. "

McClernand, John A. (1812-1900). Lawyer, politician, and Union General. ALS, 2pp, 7.625 x 9.75 in., " Near Vicksburg. " June 5, 1863. Addressed to Wisconsin Governor Edward Salomon. McClernand writes in praise of the bravery of the men from Wisconsin under his command in several recent battles. His laudatory comments read in part: " I am most happy, Sir, to congratulate you, and through you, your noble State, for the victories won by common effort of her brave sons. . . and to bear testimony to the gallantry, bravery, and good conduct of her officers and men in all these bloody struggles. "

According to Boatner's Civil War Dictionary, McClernand wrote not only to Governor Salomon, but also to members of the press, with "congratulatory stories of his victory." The dispatch of such unauthorized communication prompted Ulysses S. Grant to relieve McClernand of his command and send him home to Illinois.

Lot of approx. 9 items: Meade, George R. (1815-1872). Career US Army officer and civil engineer. Cardboard pass, 2.75 x 5.25 in., partially printed with War Department at top, and Washington, DC. Dated January 13, 1865. " Pass William Miller to City Point, Virginia, and return. By order of the Secretary of War. Signed C.A. Dana, Asst. Secretary of War." Inscribed on verso: " Mr. Miller is authorised to take with him the necessary materials to enable him to exercise his art.. ." and signed " Geo. G. Meade / Maj. Genl / Cmdr. AP" (Army of the Potomac).

Printed broadside, 7 x 9.5 in., " Gettysburg. Respectfully Dedicated to General Meade. By Robert Morris, Esq. " This edition has fourteen stanzas to a song. Bottom note indicates it is also available with music. The first begins: " The boldest and the bloodiest raid / The Southern Legions ever made, Was when their countless thousand strayed / To Gettysburg! "

Accompanied by the following titles and maps: Minnigh, L.W. Gettysburg. What They Did Here. Cover notes: " The Standard Historical Guide Book on Gettysburg.... " Tipton & Blocher, 1924. 8vo, illustrated soft cover, 168 numb. pp. Folding color map in front. Some toning of cover, but otherwise fine.

Stackpole, Genl. Edward J. and Col. Wilbur S. Nye. The Battle of Gettysburg: A Guided Tour. Harrisburg (PA): Stackpole, 1966 (fifth printing). 8vo, illustrated soft cover, 96pp.

Views Gettysburg Battlefield . 5 x 6 in. with printed red cloth boards. Inside are 17pp of photographs concertina folded. Rear pastedown has identification of William Erb, Co. L., 17th No. Car., 2nd Brigade, 1 Div.

Gettysburg Battlefield Map. Gettysburg: L.E. Smith, 1954. 24 x 27 in. B-&-w map on one side, photos of landmarks with explanations on verso.

American Battlefield Trust. Gettysburg Map set. One with the actions on each of the three days of the battle, July 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 1863. Full color; same set of three maps issued by Civil War Trust; and map of the first day's battle issued by a local motel near the battlefield.

George Gordon Meade (1815-1872) who fought with distinction in the Seminole War and Mexican War, is best known as the victor at Gettysburg, although he made the mistake of allowing Lee to escape and later relinquished control of the Army of the Potomac to general-in-chief Grant. The steadfast Meade stayed in the field and retained nominal command of the army, taking orders from Grant, and was rewarded with a major generalship at the end of the war. He died prematurely in 1872 unable to fully define his place in history, as much of the postwar reputation of Civil War figures depended on their own campaigning.

Charles Anderson Dana (1819-1897) was a journalist, author and government official. Dana worked for the New York Tribune from 1847 until his resignation in 1862. At that point Secretary of War Stanton gave him the job of special investigator for the War Department. As the "eyes" of the department, he spent much of his time at the front. He was one who strongly recommended Grant for command of all of the armies in the field. After Grant's appointment, Dana was recalled to Washington, where he was made Assistant Secretary of War, a position he held from 1863-1865. After the war he returned to journalism and New York, becoming editor of The Sun from 1868 until his death.

William Henry Miller (1829-1870) was a native of Pennsylvania. After studying law and being admitted to the bar, he practiced in Harrisburg. He also became clerk of the state Senate 1858-59, and was elected to the US Congress where he served from 1863-1865. After the war he resumed the practice of law, dying in Harrisburg in 1870.