Two albums containing 68 images associated with Ensign Ward, including 16 CDV-sized tintypes and 2 gem-sized tintypes. First album, 5 x 5.75 in., with deeply embossed boards, and " S.W. Ward / USN. " in gilt on front. The album includes 18 images of men in uniform, but only a few are identified: C. Norris, 2nd A??Engineer, USN; D. Ashworth, USN; Henry Y. G...., US Navy, September 1st 1863; G.N. Patohke, USN. Many with backmarks of L.V. Newell's Gallery.

Second album with gilt decorations and " A. Miller " on front, containing 35 images, mostly civilian portraits, two of which are CDV-sized tintypes, along with commercial CDVs of Lincoln and Tad, Mary Lincoln, among others.

Stillman W. Ward was commissioned into the Navy as an Acting Master's Mate in November 1862 and became acting Ensign August 8, 1864. He resigned just after Lee surrendered, in May 1865. Navy materials from the Civil War are rare.

Lot of 23 CDVs, 20 representing the 44th NYV (19 men plus the unit flag), several identified, many credited to Albany, NY photographers, along with the Brady Gallery as well as R.W. Addis and Alexander Gardner, Washington, DC. Identified subjects include: S.W. [Stephen] Stryker, colonel; Morris W. Townsend, surgeon; John B. Weber, corporal in 44th, discharged for promotion as F & S in 116th NYV, then colonel of 89th USCT; A[lbert] N. Husted, lieutenant Co. E, captured 97 CSA POWs at Little Round Top, Gettysburg (per Regimental History); two views of Charles W. Gibbs, Co. I, one as captain, the other as 2nd lieutenant; Lieutenant Charles Kelly, Co. I; Captain Wm. N. Danks, Co. H; and John J. Hardenburg. Accompanied by three images with possible identities: Lucius S. Larrabee (KIA Gettysburg, July 2); Frank M. Kelly, brevet captain for gallantry at Gettysburg; Louis Ferrand (WIA Gettysburg, July 2); plus seven unidentified subjects. CDV of the 44th NY Regiment flag with backmark of Brady's Gallery also included.

Plus CDVs of General J.H.[John Henry] Martindale (signed), Major General Fitz-John Porter (signed), and Major General G.V. McClellan with printed identification on card.

The 44th Regiment was planned as a memorial to Elmer Ellsworth, and was to have men from each town who where unmarried, under 30 years of age, less than 5 feet, 8 inches tall, and with military experience (many of these men served in 3-month units before this one). They were known as "Ellsworth's Avengers." Two companies from Albany Co., two from Erie Co., and one from Herkimer Co. plus scattered squads for elsewhere reported to Albany in response. The regiment joined the Army of the Potomac and participated in many of the bloody battles in Virginia and the adjacent region: Gaines' Mill, Hanover Court House, Seven Days', Malvern Hill, 2nd Manassas, Shepherdstown, Fredericksburg. It participated in Burnside's infamous "Mud March" before returning to winter quarters near Falmouth. In spring of 1863, it saw action at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg losing 111 in defense of Little Round Top, Bristoe Station, Rappannock Station, and Mine Run before wintering at Brandy Station. The regiment veteranized over the winter and in 1864 was involved in the Wilderness campaign, suffering major losses at Bethesda Church. It was then engaged in the first assault at Petersburg in June, then Weldon Railroad and Poplar Spring Church. Losses in killed, wounded and missing totaled 730 of New York State's finest young men.

Lot of 6 CDVs of soldiers in uniform, posed in a studio setting, most with a sword in hand. All subjects are unknown with the exception of the mustached soldier holding his sword in front of a painted backdrop, identified on mount verso as " Geo. P. Lowry, 2d Mass. Cav'y ." He served with the MA 1st Heavy Artillery and 2nd MA Cavalry. Remaining cartes include a Brady view of a first lieutenant with a medical staff officer's sword; a bearded officer with sword in hand standing together with a young sergeant holding a rifle, (credited to Hollenbeck, Oneida, NY); and three portraits of privates, two displaying their swords (one credited to Marken, Frederic, MD), and the third posed with rifle and bayonet (credited to Keagy, Chambersburg, PA).

Lot of 19 CDVs, 17 of which are portraits of soldiers in Company H, 30th Wisconsin Volunteers. Almost all inscribed as being presented to Private Elihu H. Fenn of that company. Fenn hailed from Saxeville, WI and enlisted on August 21, 1862. After an initial detail to duty at Green Bay for draft enforcement, Fenn's company was sent on an expedition up the Missouri River to Fort Rice in present-day North Dakota. He was mustered out on September 20, 1865 in Louisville, KY.

Lot of 2 CDVs, each featuring parodies of African Americans: one showing an African American man with an unpleasant expression on his face, crouching behind a large wooden fence, with text " Oh my thumbs " printed on the fence and title " The early bird catches the worm " above; the other showing a man beating the mule he is riding, with title below, " Slow but Sure." Neither with any publisher's identification.

Lot of 5 stereoviews from Alexander Gardner's Washington, DC gallery, including four published by E. & H.T. Anthony from the " Photographic Incidents of the War " series: " No. 316. / Hecatomb at Sudley's Church " (copyrighted 1862), " No. 506. / Battle Field of Cedar Mountain. / Panoramic view, the mountain in the distance " (copyrighted 1862), " No. 241. / View of Breastworks on Round Top - The Hill Which Formed Our Extreme Left at the Battle of Gettysburg " (colored, copyrighted 1863), and " No. 728. / Beverly House, Near Spottsylvania Court House, the Headquarters of Gen. Warren, 19th May, 1864 ." Fifth stereoview published by Philp & Solomons from the " View of the Confederate Water Batteries on James River " series, titled " No. 1040. / Extreme Battery, Drury's Bluff - Seven Inch Brooke's Rifle Gun - Portion of Hulks forming obstructions visible near left cheek of embrasure, place where Galena was repulsed in 1862 - 1st Conn. Art. on drill ."

Lot of 7 stereoviews, including six War Views published by E. & H.T Anthony during or soon after the war, and one published by Taylor & Huntington in the early 1890s from the original Anthony negatives. The war-era views include: " No. 3178 A Dead Southern Soldier, as he lay on the foot passage in the Trenches of Fort Mahone, called by the Soldiers 'Fort Damnation.' Part of a broken Musket and Bayonet stuck in the bank. The marks and spots on his face are blood issuing from the wound in his head" ; " No. 3198 Rebel Prisoners on their way to the rear, captured by Gen. Sheridan at Five Forks, April 3d, 1865. This view was taken April 3d, after the storming of Petersburgh, Va." ; " No. 3231 View in the rear of Dunlop's House, Bollingbrook Street, Petersburgh, showing ruins of Tobacco Warehouses destroyed by shell" ; " No. 3258 Ruins of a Locomotive in the Petersburgh railroad Depot, Richmond, Va." ; " No. 3320 Grand Review of the Great Veteran Armies of Grant and Sherman at Washington on the 23d and 24th May, 1865/ Sherman's Grand Army, Looking up Pennsylvania Ave. from the Treasury Buildings, Maj. Gen. Logan and Staff and Army of Tennessee passing in Review" ; and " No. 3648 The place where Maj. Gen. J.B. McPherson was killed, Atlanta, Ga." The later printing is titled: "951 First Wagon Train Entering Petersburgh."

Albumen photograph, 15 x 9.75 in., on 17 x 13 in. mount with printed caption: " Brady's Incidents of the War. / (Headquarters, Genl. Graham's Brigade) / Camp. 31st Regt. Penn. Vol. " Brady and his field photographers began the "Incidents of the War" series in the summer of 1861. This print shows the encampment of the 31st Pennsylvania Volunteers, complete with tents, wagons, and other supplies. Members of the regiment are assembled at left, with a row of drummers in front.

Also includes a CDV with Brady studio imprints on recto and verso, presenting an outdoor camp scene of the the 30th PA Volunteers, 1st Reserves, with Brevet Brigadier General William Talley in foreground.

Albumen photograph, 7.75 x 4.5 in., mounted, 14.5 x 10.9 in., featuring Cooper's Battery B of the 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery at the Avery Farm in Petersburg, VA, taken on June 21, 1864. The image shows Captain Cooper standing at the right center, closest to the camera, and was taken looking northeastward in the general direction from which the Union forces approached the Petersburg front. This photograph is among the best-known views from Brady's Petersburg series of June 1864, taken by Brady nearly a mile from enemy lines, and only a few days after Confederate forces abandoned the Avery farm.

The 1st Pennsylvania, assigned to the Fifth Corps commanded by General G.K. Warren, arrived at Petersburg on the morning of June 17, 1864, engaging the Confederate batteries commanded by General Beauregard near the Avery house. They built fortifications and remained in position for about a week, during which time Mathew Brady took the photograph featured here. A gunner from the battery, Lieutenant James A. Gardner, who is also featured in this photograph, was interviewed by researchers working on Miller's 1911 volume, Photographic History of the Civil War . His recollections include details about the photograph, including this fascinating detail: "When engaged in action, our men exhibited the same coolness that is shown in the picture - that is, while loading our guns." There were actually at least two photographs of the battery taken that day, and Alexander points out that the one featured here was taken "from a point a little to the left, and front, of the battery."

The Siege of Petersburg lasted from June of 1864 until the following spring, leading to Lee's ultimate surrender at Appomattox. Taken amidst this prominent event, just a mile from enemy lines, the photograph featured here possesses a sense of historical immediacy, reminding viewers of the risk involved in capturing such a compelling image.

A rare and striking pose of an African-American soldier of the United States Colored Troops, the unidentified sitter wearing a kepi and blue-tinted greatcoat and looking confidently into the camera. Housed in a patriotic Union case with blue velvet lining. From a Philadelphia estate, from which it is believed it descended from the subject of the photograph.

Album page with nine photos tipped in. One page includes two views of the " Fairmount Water Works / 1864 / Philadelphia ," both with blue and green hand tinting. Below these is an image of several people picnicking near a stream, camera set up on a tripod a short distance away. On verso are images of National Guards, Philadelphia, the bottom with a photographer and his camera on a tripod. Images of a silver vase from the Philadelphia Sanitary Fair, June 1864, and Union Avenue, [The Great Central Fair, Philadelphia, 1864], decked with flags and banners are also included. (See LOC https://lccn.loc.gov/2015651389 for a stereoview of this same scene.) These Sanitary Fairs were civilian events, organized to raise funds for the US Sanitary Commission (USSC) and other charitable organizations during the war. It became the primary way for citizens to show support for the soldiers and their families.

Sixth plate tintype of a mustachioed Confederate soldier in a jacket and large bow tie, with Virginia state seal belt buckle. Identified as Stith Bolling, Co. G., 9th Virginia Cavalry. Housed in full pressed paper case.

Virginia politician Stith Bolling (1835-1916) was born in Lunenburg County, VA and moved to Richmond as a young man to operate a wholesale grocery business with his brothers. On June 7, 1861, Bolling enlisted as a sergeant in Company G of the 9th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, where he rose to the rank of captain by January 1863. He sustained two serious injuries during the war, including a head wound at Morton's Ford on October 11, 1863. After three months of convalescence, Bolling returned to active duty. At Appomattox, he refused to surrender and led an ambitious attempt to reach North Carolina which ultimately failed, resulting in his surrender and subsequent parole on April 15, 1865. After the war, Bolling returned to Lunenburg County, was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates, appointed a brigadier general of the militia, and held positions as both inspector general of tobacco and postmaster of Petersburg, VA. He was an active member of the Republican party and enjoyed popularity among fellow Confederate veterans.

Early Civil War-era sixth plate ambrotype featuring two young Confederates posed with single-barrel percussion fowlers, with one of the boys holding a small knife out in front of his chest. The fellow on the left wears a jacket with a fold-over collar characteristic of North Carolina, while his comrade wears a coat with subtle horizontal bands of braiding on the chest, the two completely different outfits being a great example of the lack of uniformity found in early Confederate photography. Buttons and knife guard tinted gold, and the image housed in full pressed paper case, fully separated at spine.

Sixth plate ambrotype of a seated Confederate soldier with lightly tinted cheeks, wearing an eight-button short jacket with wooden buttons, characteristic of a Deep South regiment. Housed in a full folio case with an advertising card reading " D.B. Griffin, / Photographic Artist. / New-Orleans ."

Lot of 2. Sixth plate portrait of a seated Confederate soldier wearing a double breasted frock coat, housed in full leatherette case, as well as a ninth plate of another seated Confederate wearing a single row frock coat, accented by a black collar with piping, housed in full leatherette case.

CDV bust portrait of CSA Brigadier General Harry T. Hays wearing a Confederate General Officer's uniform with regulation collar insignia; verso features backmark for Anderson & Turner, New Orleans, LA, blue 2-cent revenue stamp, and ink inscription reading " Harry T. Hays ."

Harry Thompson Hays (1820-1876), a Mexican War veteran of the US Army, joined the Confederate Army and was appointed colonel of the 7th Louisiana Infantry in 1861. Hays fought at the First Battle of Bull Run and participated in the Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862, receiving two wounds at the Battle of Port Republic. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1862, taking command of the 1st Louisiana (Tiger Brigade). He commanded this brigade at the Battle of Antietam as well as Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.

At Gettysburg, he led the brigade in a failed assault on Cemetery Hill. After initial success, a lack of reinforcements and heavy casualties forced him to retreat. Hays was captured in 1863 at Rappahannock Station, but escaped in time to participate in the Battle of the Wilderness. He was wounded a third time at Spotsylvania Court House, forcing him to retire from active command to an assignment in Louisiana under the Department of the Trans-Mississippi. He received a promotion to Major General in 1865, however the collapse of the Confederate government prevented any official acknowledgement.

Standing portrait of Confederate General William N.R. Beall in full uniform holding his cap. Backmarked for " J. GURNEY & SON 707 Broadway, N.Y.," with handwritten inscription reading, " Regards of / Wm. N.R. Beall / Brig. Genl. P.C.S.A. / Arkansas. "

Beall served with General Van Dorn and commanded a mixed brigade of Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana troops stationed at Port Hudson. After they surrendered on July 9, 1863, Beall was imprisoned on Johnson's Island. He was one of seven Confederate generals confined there. By special arrangement between authorities in Washington, DC and Richmond, VA, he was paroled to act as a Confederate Agent to supply prisoners of war with clothing and blankets in Northern prison camps.

Vignette-style carte de visite of General James J. Archer (1817-1864) in Confederate uniform. Imprint on mount of C.D. Fredericks & Co., New York, NY.

Upon graduation from Princeton in 1835, Archer studied law at the University of Maryland and was admitted to the bar. He served in the Mexican War as an Infantry captain and received the brevet of major for gallantry at Chapultepec. He returned to Maryland and continued with his legal profession until 1855, when he entered the regular army as a captain of the 9th Infantry. He later resigned his commission and enlisted in the Confederate service on November 1, 1861 with the 5th Texas Infantry. He was later discharged for promotion and became a brigadier general on June 3, 1862. As a regimental and brigade commander, he took part in every battle of the Army of Northern Virginia, from the Seven Days Battles to Gettysburg. On July 1, 1863, Archer was captured, along with a large portion of his command. Imprisoned on Johnson's Island for over a year, he was finally exchanged in the summer of 1864. However, his long incarceration was not without consequence to his health: Archer succumbed to illness on October 24, 1864.

Carte de visite of James Patton Browlow, autographed below, " Your Friend / Jim Brownlow / Lt. Col. Cavalry 1st Tennessee Co. "

Brownlow (1842-1879), son of Tennessee Governor and US Senator William G. Brownlow, enlisted as a captain on April 1, 1862. He was commissioned into Company C of the 1st Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry, where he swiftly demonstrated leadership and keen tactical skills. Promoted to colonel by 1863, Brownlow led several raids and attacks, including daring campaigns in Knoxville and Atlanta. In March of 1866, he was awarded the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general. Here, he is presented in uniform with a sword in his left hand.

CDV bust portrait of Lieutenant Colonel William A. Robertson of the 6th Louisiana Infantry, credited on verso to T. Lilienthal, New Orleans, LA. Ink inscription on image reads " Wm A. Robertson / Lt Col & [indecipherable] / Buckner's Corps ."

Dr. William A. Robertson enlisted in the Confederate service as a private in Company C of the 6th Louisiana Regiment in April of 1861, though he was quickly promoted to assistant surgeon while serving around New Orleans, and surgeon of his regiment in February of 1862 while serving in Virginia. Robertson would later serve as surgeon of Harry Hays' Louisiana brigade. After being wounded in Virginia, he was sent to establish the Lee Hospital in Columbus, Georgia in February of 1864. Thereafter, Robertson was ordered to the Trans-Mississippi Department, and was made Medical Director of General Kirby Smith's command, ultimately surrendering to General E.R.S. Canby on June 9, 1865.

CDV portrait of CSA Sergeant Thomas J. Dashiell (d. 1910) of the 9th Virginia Infantry. Pencil inscription on verso reads, " Sergt T J Dashiell / Old Dominion / Guard / CSA Portsmouth / Va ."

Dashiell enlisted as a private on April 20, 1861 at Portsmouth, VA and mustered into Company K of the 9th Virginia Infantry the same day. His service during the war was tumultuous, filled with hardship and misfortune at nearly every turn. He was listed as a POW at Gettysburg on July 3, 1863, confined at Fort Delaware, DE two days later, exchanged on September 18, 1864, wounded at Dinwiddie Court House, VA on March 31, 1865, POW at Five Forks, VA on April 1, 1865, and finally released at Point Lookout, MD on June 2, 1865. Dashiell survived the war and returned to Portsmouth, VA upon its conclusion.

Carte de visite of Thomas Nelson Conrad, an espionage agent with the Confederate Secret Service, autographed on verso: " Mr. Ball & family, with compliments of Thos. N. Conrad. " Credited to Gardner, Washington, DC.

Conrad (1837-1905) was a Virginia native working in Washington, DC at the outbreak of the Civil War. After expressing Confederate sympathies, he was incarcerated briefly at the Old Capitol Prison in 1861. He was later recommended to Jefferson Davis to spy for the Confederate Secret Service and set up his intelligence operation in Washington, where he was instrumental in formulating several nefarious schemes, including the proposed assassination of Winfield Scott, the theft of important documents from the War Office, and the attempted kidnapping of Abraham Lincoln. Here, he appears seated in a chair with his hands folded in his lap.

Lot of 70+ CDVs previously housed in the personal album of noted Maryland lawyer and politician Severn Teackle Wallis (1816-1894), as indicated by modern penciled notation on mount verso of most of the photographs. During the Civil War, Wallis, a member of the Maryland Legislature, was arrested and imprisoned for more than 14 months in Fort McHenry, Fort Lafayette, and Fort Warren for not citing a Union Oath before a secession vote. This collection is comprised of Civil War-era portraits of civilians, many unidentified, but almost certainly distinguished citizens of Baltimore, MD, as well as Boston and New York. Most of the cartes are credited to photography studios operating in Baltimore, with the majority produced by the Bendann Bros. Additional Baltimore studios include Israel & Co., P.L. Perkins, R.D. Ridgely, the Southern Photographic Temple of Art, N.H. Busey, E.G. Fowx, Richard Walzl, and more.

Prominent Baltimore subjects include: Maryland Representative and Federal Judge William F. Giles (two CDVs, one signed on verso); politician and Baltimore Police Marshal George Kane; merchant John Christian Brune; architect Josias Pennington; Commissioner Charles D. Hicks; Maryland Representative Henry W. Warfield, who was arrested in 1861; businessman A.J. Albert; jurist and diplomat James M. Buchanan; attorney William H. Norris, who became a Confederate Colonel, and served as Chief Signal Officer and Chief of the Signal Bureau in Richmond; and 31st Tennessee Volunteer Sergeant John D. McKeen.

Oval salted paper photograph, 7.5 x 9.5 in., housed in original frame, 10.75 x 13 in. A full-standing studio view of Confederate Colonel Marshall J. Smith, his arms folded, wearing a sash, saber belt with two-piece buckle, a long frock coat with "chicken guts," course woven pants with a single dark stripe, and boots with spurs under his pants. With photographer's blindstamp, " E. Jacobs / N.O. " along bottom margin of photograph.

Marshall J. Smith (1824-1905), born in Warrenton County, VA, lost both of his parents at an early age and was raised by relatives in Fauquier County, VA, before entering St. Mary's College in Baltimore at the age of 13. Following graduation four years later, Smith entered the United States Navy as a midshipman. He traveled to East and West Indian waters before serving aboard US frigates Puritan and Cumberland during the Mexican War.

In the 1850s, Smith became involved with the mercantile business in Mobile, AL, but when the Civil War broke out, he abandoned his business and enlisted as a Confederate colonel. He played a prominent role in organizing the 24th Louisiana Volunteers, also known as the Crescent Regiment. While under Smith's command, the 24th LA was recognized for its actions at the Battle of Shiloh. As a result of poor health, Smith resigned from the regiment and spent his sick leave in Mississippi, only to return to service less than a year later when he was commissioned lieutenant colonel of artillery and ordered to Port Hudson to serve as chief of heavy artillery. He was present in the batteries when Admiral D.G. Farragut's fleet attempted to run by on March 14, 1863 and managed to stop all but the Hartford and a small vessel from passing through during the engagement. Smith was also in command of heavy artillery during the Siege of Port Hudson from May-July, 1863 and ultimately surrendered to Union forces as a result of the fall of Vicksburg and the garrison's sufferings. He was taken prisoner in July 1863 and sent to Fort McHenry, where he would remain in captivity for fourteen months until he was sent to the bay at Charleston for exchange. Smith spent the remainder of the war serving in front of Richmond. Following the war, he ventured to New Orleans, where he engaged in a number of successful businesses through the turn of the century. (Information obtained from June 21, 1905 Mobile Register Obituary for Colonel Smith.)

Lot of 4: AMS, Townsend, William C., 2pp, 8 x 12.5 in. Townsend writes out his military history from enlistment on November 7, 1861 in the 14th Maine Volunteer Infantry to his mustering out on August 28, 1865. He fought at Baton Rouge, August 5, 1862 and was " promoted to corporal for meritorious conduct at the battle...at the siege of Port Hudson from May 17, 63 to July 8th 1863 volunteered as one of the Forlorn Hope storming party was promised a gold meddle [sic] but through some neglect of the officers never received it... promoted to 1st Lieutenant of Co. A 14th Regt. March 27th 1865 and took command of the Company was detailed with my company to proceed as guard over Jeff Davis and other prisoners under Col. Pichard [sic] from Augusta, Ga. to Fortress Monroe [then] from Fortress Monroe was sent back to Savannah, Ga. in charge of Ship having on board Mrs. Davis and other Ladies to land at said place.. ." When the steamship Clyde docked at Hampton Roads, Jefferson Davis was taken to Fortress Monroe but his wife, children and the other women in their party were kept on board. They were then sent back to Savannah where Varina Davis was placed under house arrest until the end of the summer.

The second item is the text of a US Military Telegraph, sent for Varina Davis. In the hand of a telegraph clerk. Sent 1:40 pm May 19, 1865. From Ft. Monroe, " to Hon. Montgomery Blair or Col. Archie Campbell, Washington, DC. I am on a Steamboat 'Clyde' destination Washington. Have four small children with me and may require assistance at the landing if convenient you will oblige me by meeting me there . (Signed) Varine [sic] Davis ." Although the Davises and several other families were on board the Clyde , and given nice accommodations and food, when the ship arrived, everyone was kept on board. Finally on May 22, Davis and others were taken from the ship and imprisoned at Fortress Monroe, the women were returned to Savannah, GA and not permitted to leave the state for two years. Varina feared for her children and sent them to Canada to live with relatives. In the meantime she worked tirelessly to get her husband released and to raise sympathy for his situation. Initially prevented from communicating with her husband, eventually she was allowed to correspond with him.

The third article is an envelope, (3 x 5.75 in.) addressed in Jefferson Davis' hand: " For Mrs. Varina Davis, Augusta, Georgia. " lower left corner with additional note by Davis: " To Hon. J. Speed / US Atty. Genl / Washington DC. " In pencil at top: " Was erased when recd. by J.S. "

What Davis was allowed to send while incarcerated at Fortress Monroe was examined by Attorney General James Speed. In a note sent to General Nelson Miles, then commander at Fortress Monroe, E.D. Townsend, AAG, wrote: "Any letters which Mr. Davis desires to send his wife must relate only family matters and be first submitted to the Attorney General's inspection...." (Aug. 18, 1865, ORs Vol. 8, Series 3) While no postmark is on this cover, it is opened along the left end. Although Davis complained bitterly about this indignity, by the end of 1866 Varina and Winnie had moved into the fort with him and writing would not have been very common. It must have been written after August 18, 1865 or in the early months of 1866 once the couple was permitted to communicate and before Varina and Winnie moved into Fortress Monroe.

The last item is a cabinet card, with backmark of William Baulch, Fortress Monroe, Virginia. It has a pre-printed Line with " Scene____ " which has the manuscript note: " Casemate where Jeff Davis was confined and ironed, Fort Monroe, Va ."