Round brass ID disk, 1.125 in. diameter. Shield-style decoration, with " UNION AND THE CONSTITUTION / WAR OF 1861. " Reverse stamped with identification text reading, " CORP F T CARLIN / CO I / 1ST MD REG / PHB / ES SEP 1 / 1861 / FREDERICK MD ."

Francis T. Carlin enlisted on November 30, 1861 as a private. He was mustered into Company I of the 1st Maryland PHB Infantry and served with this regiment for nearly the entirety of the war. Carlin died on February 5, 1865.

ID disk, 1.5 in. diameter, featuring portrait of Ulysses S. Grant encircled by stars and foliage. Identification text appears on reverse, presented on shield surrounded by flags and an eagle. Stamped: " JAMES / CROWNOVER / SERGT. / CO. D / 47 REGT / PA. V. VOLS / 19TH ARMY CORPS." Catalogued as "extremely rare" in Identification Discs of Union Soldiers in the Civil War: A Complete Classification Guide and Illustrated History (Maier and Stahl, 61).

Crownover, a resident of Perry County, PA, enlisted on August 21, 1861 as a private with Company D of the Pennsylvania 47th Infantry. At the Battle of Pleasant Hill, Crownover was wounded and taken prisoner. He was promoted twice during his service and ultimately reached the rank of 1st sergeant on July 5, 1865.

ID disk, 1 in. diameter, with " WAR OF 1861 " and " UNITED STATES " surrounding spread-winged eagle on obverse. Identification text presented on reverse: " CORP P MILLER / CO. C / 49. REGT / PA. VOL / LEWISTOWN."

Peter Miller enlisted on August 26, 1862 and joined Company A of the 49th Pennsylvania Infantry but transferred to Company C in January of 1863. He fought in the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in Virginia, where he was killed on May 12, 1864.

ID disk, approx. 1 in. diameter. Bust of George McClellan with " UNION AND LIBERTY " shown on obverse, with " J.H. THOMAS / CO. B / 67 REG. / PA. V. / INDIANA CO. " on reverse. Catalogued by Maier and Stahl in Identification Discs of Union Soldiers in the Civil War: A Complete Classification Guide and Illustrated History , p. 30.

John H. Thomas enlisted on March 12, 1862 as a private and mustered into the 67th Pennsylvania Infantry. He was captured in Winchester, VA on June 15, 1863 and was held in Richmond. He was paroled later that summer and had rejoined his regiment by September. However, he developed a chronic gastrointestinal ailment in December that continued to plague him through May 4, 1864 when his disability discharge was approved. Includes photocopies of records from the National Archives.

Silver ID pin, cloverleaf form, approx. 1.25 x 1.25 in., with original T-bar on reverse. Script engraving reads, " Co. C / 105th / P.V. / W.D. Lytle."

William D. Lytle, of Jefferson County, PA, enlisted in October 1861 and was mustered into the 2nd US Berdan Sharpshooters. He fought with them through Antietam, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg before transferring to Company C of the 105th Pennsylvania Infantry in December of 1863. In the 105th, Lytle was promoted to sergeant and fought in the devastating Wilderness Campaign, Spotsylvania Court House, Petersburg, Deep Bottom Run, Boydton Plank Road, Sailor's Creek, and Appomattox Court House.

Excavated shield-style ID disk, 1 in. diameter. Obverse adorned with Union stars and stripes shield and border reading, " AGAINST REBELLIONS 1861 ." Text on reverse identifies Levi Shawl as a member of " Co. B. / 139th / Regt / P.V. "

A resident of Armstrong County, PA, Shawl enlisted on September 1, 1862. He served with the 139th Pennsylvania Infantry the full three years and was wounded at Gettysburg in July of 1863, before mustering out on June 21, 1865.

Brass stencil, 1.25 x 3.5 in., with uncleaned patina. Stamped: " V.R. Champney. / Co. A. 149. R.P.B.V."

In July of 1862, the 149th and 150th Pennsylvania regiments were formed, comprising the Bucktail brigade. They wore deer tails in their hats and were noted for their marksmanship. They were heavily involved at the Battle of Gettysburg. V.R. Champney enlisted as a private on August 15, 1862 and served with the 149th until his transfer to the Veteran Reserve Corps in 1865.

Star-shaped silver ID pin, approx. 1.75 in., with large, stylized " 5 " at center encircled with gold band reading, " R.S. McClure / Co. D. 5th Regt. / O.V.V.I. "

Robert S. McClure enlisted as a hospital steward on June 21, 1861. He served with the 5th Ohio for the duration of the war, and the following battles are engraved on each point of the star: " Winchester, Mar. 23, 1862 / Pt. Republic, June 9, 1862 / Cedar Mt., Aug. 9, 1862 / Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862 / Dumfries, Dec. 27, 1862 / Chancellorsville, May 23, 1863 / Gettysburg, July 23, 1863 / Lookout Mt., Nov. 24, 1863 / Dug Gap, May 8, 1864 / Resaca, May 13, 14, 15, 1864. " McClure mustered out on July 26, 1865.

Circular silver ID pin, approx. 1 in. diameter, with large " G " at center surrounded by text reading, " SAML. H. TREEP. / 6th Ohio Vol. Cav ."

Samuel Treep, age 22, enlisted on November 26, 1861 and fought with the 6th Ohio Cavalry all four years of the war. A hard-fought unit, the 6th Ohio experienced significant loss during the Gettysburg Campaign, with fighting at Aldie, Middleburg, Upperville, and Emmettsburg. The unit fought in battles all the way through the war, including Sailors' Creek in the Appomattox Campaign. Treep survived the war and mustered out at Petersburg, VA on June 27, 1865.

ID disk with original Kearney pin hanger, 3.125 in. diameter, excavated from private farmland near Gettysburg, PA. Inscription on front reading, " G. ALLRED / CO. G. / 20th REG. / IND.V. / BATTLE GROUND. IND ." " War of 1861 " on reverse at top, with names of four battles inscribed below: " BULL RUN, CHANTILLY, FREDERICKSBURG, CHANCELORSVILLE ."

Garrison Allred, of Tippecanoe County, IN, enlisted as a private on August 22, 1862. He mustered into Company G of the 20th Indiana Infantry and likely acquired this ID after serving at Chancellorsville. He lost it at Gettysburg, presumably, where records indicate he was present. Allred was killed on May 30, 1864 at the Battle of Chickahominy, VA and is buried at the Arlington National Cemetery.

Excavated stencil, 3 x 1.5 in., reading: " J.C. McINTIRE. / CO. A. 36 WIS. VOL. " Recovered in Cold Harbor, VA.

James C. McIntire of Cortland, WI enlisted as a private on February 24, 1864. He mustered into the 36th Wisconsin Infantry and arrived in Virginia with the rest of his regiment in early May of 1864. On May 19, McInitre and his comrades moved south from Spotsylvania Court House to the North Anna River. They made their first offensive charge on May 26, but the following day, Company A, resting in reserve, was hit by a 12-pounder solid shot which killed three men, including McIntire. Members of the 36th likely buried McIntire near the river before moving on to Cold Harbor at the end of the month.

McIntire's stencil is pictured in Davis, Battlefields of the Civil War, and featured in North-South Trader Magazine (March/April 1979), a copy of which is included.

Lot of 3 medals, featuring a rare gilded Battle of Shiloh Survivor's Medal. Three-piece badge with " SHILOH " across a log as the pinback, a tin of coffee hanging in the middle, and the medal in the shape of a canteen. Obverse with " The National Association of Battle of Shiloh Survivors" around a depiction of the battle site, reverse with " We Now Drink From The Same Canteen " around various military and patriotic imagery. Canteen 1.75 in. diameter and rather heavy, 3.25 in. high overall. Accompanied by three-part GAR badge comprised of eagle with crossed cannon and cannon balls, above silk ribbon with stars and stripes, above Grand Army of the Republic medal, plus original paper envelope. Lot completed by June 1910 GAR badge for the Washington-Alaska Encampment held in Hoquiam, WA. Made by Jos. Mayer & Bros, Seattle, WA.

Medal approx. 1.5 x 2.5 in., with hanging medallion reading "Veteran Cavalry Assn. / A. N. V. / General / J E B. Stuart" and depicting Stuart on horseback; and bar reading "Richmond 1907, May 30th" with enameled Confederate States flag. Bar and medallion verso with Whitehead & Hoag, Newark, NJ imprint.

.44 Henry, 24" barrel, S/N 4208 (mfg. ca 1864). Blued finish, factory engraved brass frame and buttplate, walnut buttstock. Matching serial numbers on barrel, lower frame tang, in buttstock tang mortise, on buttplate and buttplate screws. Tang screws are unnumbered. Two-line barrel address reads: HENRY'S PATENT. OCT. 16, 1860 / MANUFACT'D BY THE NEW HAVEN ARMS CO. NEW HAVEN, CT. Receiver delicately engraved with tight foliate scrolls and floral patterns with punch-dot shading on the obverse and with similarly themed foliate scrolls around a dog on point on the reverse. All of which is outlined with geometric boarder engraving. Top and angled upper edges of receiver are engraved en-suite, as is the upper and lower receiver tang and the buttplate tang. Round toe stock profile. Correct pattern 900-yard folding leaf rear sight in dovetail on barrel, no dovetail cut in frame. Correct pattern front sight. Butt trap in buttplate for cleaning rods that are not present. Factory sling swivel on reverse butt with sling loop on barrel. Lever lock on trigger plate tang.

.577 caliber, 39" barrel secured by three barrel bands, no S/N. Blued and color case hardened finish, brass furniture, smooth walnut stock. Lock marked TOWER/1860 forward of the hammer and with the British crown at the tail of the lock. Breech with standard Birmingham commercial proof marks and a pair of 25 gauge marks. Contractor name C REEVES & Co stamped in the toe line of the stock. The cryptic mark CA26 is stamped in the wood behind the triggerguard. Ramrod is marked T&CG. Retains correct pattern 900 yard musket rear sight, front sight/bayonet lug, both sling swivels, ramrod (missing threads) and all three screw retaining doughnuts on the barrel band tension screws. Barrel and lock with matching file slash mating marks that mate them together, stock with different mating marks in ramrod channel. Stock cut and spliced under middle barrel band. A very old paper tag is affixed to the obverse butt of the musket and reads in two lines, in a lovely period hand in oxidized ink: " Captured in Zollicoffer's entrenchments/after battle Mill Spring Jany 19th, 62." The label seems absolutely authentic and has certainly been on the gun for a long time.

The Battle of Mill Springs, KY (known as "Fishing Creek" by the Confederates) was a disastrous defeat for the Confederate forces under General Zollicoffer, who was killed during the engagement. The poor weather hampered Confederate efforts as many of the men were armed with flintlock muskets and numerous reports from the battle specifically note the inability to use those guns in the rain were a significant contributing factor to the loss. One newspaper account of the battle, written only days later read in part "(The) Rebel force fled to their entrenchments, and Thomas waited until Monday morning to attack and capture or cut them to pieces, but rebels had crossed the Cumberland during the night, leaving everything behind them, without even destroying anything. " (taken from the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion ). This account certainly substantiates the abandonment of Confederate arms on the field of battle, which could have led to the recovery of this gun.

While a fairly small number of Enfield rifle muskets had been delivered to Western Theater Confederate forces from Great Britain at this point in the war, some documented deliveries did occur after the arrival of Blockade Runner's like Gladiator in November of the previous year. Caleb Huse's purchases of Enfield rifle muskets had started in the late spring of 1861 with some vendor's like William Grazebrook delivering arms to Huse as early as May of that year. Grazebrook's arms were primarily obtained directly from gun shops and small makers, and his deliveries were in small batches consistent with a less than effective procurement system. His rifle musket deliveries, which totaled some 2,320 "long Enfields" between May and December of 1861 could certainly have arrived in the south in time to see use at Mill Springs. Most of the other Central Government purchased Enfields to arrive by that time would have been part of Sinclair, Hamilton & Company contracts and would almost certainly have had Confederate inspection marks, particularly those second contract guns which were JS/[anchor] marked and inventory numbered. The Grazebrook delivered long Enfields were most likely not inspected in any way. This gun bears no inspection marks indicating either Confederate or Union use, but conforms in all ways to the typical commercial made P1853s imported by both sides and is devoid of any British military marks. The presence of the 1860 lock date further suggests acquisition from a retail dealer by a re-seller like Grazebrook. While a detailed analysis of the arms issued to the Confederate forces present at the Battle of Mill Springs would have to be done in order completely substantiate that there were Confederate carried P1853 Enfields at the battle, the overall appearance of the gun, taken in conjunction with known historical facts and the presence of the very nice label, make the attribution fairly likely.

.58 caliber, 39" barrel retained by three clamping barrel bands, no S/N. Blued and color case hardened finish, brass furniture, walnut stock. Lock dated 1862 over TOWER , with no "VR" under crown as is correct. Standard Birmingham commercial proof marks with a pair of "24" gauge marks indicating .58 caliber. An additional " RB " inspection is also present on the barrel, only found on Civil War imported Enfields. Top of comb, forward of buttplate tang stamped with a [CROWN]/SH/G3 . Long thought to indicate purchase by Schuyler, Hartley and Graham, recent study has revealed this is an alternate Sinclair, Hamilton & Company mark, indicating Confederate purchase. 900-yard rear sight, musket front sight/bayonet lug, correct upper sling swivel, repealed lower swivel. Original full-length ramrod. Includes a reproduction English pattern tompion.

.58 caliber, 40" barrel secured by three flat barrel bands, no S/N. Bright finish, walnut stock. Standard Springfield lock markings, dated 1858 at tail. Breech of barrel re-dated to match and with the standard V/P/[eagle head] inspection marks. Maynard patent lock complete, US M1855 pattern long range rear sight, musket front sight/bayonet lug, swelled shank, tulip head ramrod. Includes a US M1855 pattern socket bayonet marked US at the ricasso with a replaced screw in the locking ring.

.52-56 Spencer, 30" barrel secured by three barrel bands, S/N 9600 . Blued and color case hardened finish, smooth walnut stock and forehead. Standard three-line Spencer address and patent information on top of receiver. Sub-inspected "H" on left barrel flat and with two clear script crouches at wrist: HHH and DAP , both correct for this rifle in this serial number range. Correct pattern long range rear sight, correct front sight/bayonet lug, correct magazine follower tube. Retains both sling swivels. This rifle is not listed by serial number in the Springfield Research Service serial number books, but the majority of the Spencer Rifles in this serial number range saw service with the 10th Michigan Volunteer Cavalry, the 5th Company Independent Ohio Sharpshooters and the 11th Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry. Martially marked Spencer Rifles from the Civil War in this state of preservation are rarely encountered.

.52-56 Spencer, 30" barrel retained by three barrel bands, S/N 10898 . Standard 3-line Spencer breech markings, no visible cartouche, small " H " inspection on left barrel flat. Correct pattern rear sight and magazine follower tube, sling swivels with broken Civil War period M1857 leather musket sling. The initials MH are deeply carved in the obverse butt.

.58 caliber, 40" barrel retained by three flat bands, no S/N. Bright finish, walnut stock. Standard Springfield lock markings, dated 1861 at tail. Breech date not viable, proofs not visible either. Clear ESA cartouche on counterpane. Retains post July of 1861 pattern rear sight, front sight/bayonet lug, stings swivels, swelled shank, tulip-head ramrod. A leather sling with rivet reinforcements at the standing loop is included, with a weak NY maker's mark in the leather.

.52-56 Spencer, 30" barrel retained by three barrel bands, S/N 3985 . Blued and color case hardened finish, walnut stock and forend. Standard three-line Spencer address and patent information on top of receiver. The weak shadow of a cartouche is present on the reverse wrist and the sub-inspection mark " H " is present on the left barrel flat and on top of the stock, forward of the buttplate tang. 800-yard rear sight leaf, musket-style front sight/bayonet lug, sling swivels, correct pattern magazine tube. Includes correct pattern US M1860 Spencer socket bayonet that is unmarked except for the inspection letter "L" forward of the mortise. Left side of frame is stamped in individual serif font dies: MARMADUKE G. CONDON. / 6th INDPT. CO. O.V.S.S . A cheek of the Springfield Research Service serial number books did not locate this number, although there are numbers listed for the 6th O.V.S.S. According to Historical Data Systems a Marmaduke Condon did enlist in the 6th Independent Company of Ohio Sharpshooters on February 27, 1864 and was mustered out on July 19, 1865. No further supporting documentation or provenance regarding the marking is provided.

.58 caliber, 33" round barrel, no SN. Bright finish, walnut stock, brass buttplate and nose cap. Medium hump lock marked C.S. / RICHMOND, VA forward of the hammer and dated 1864 vertically at the tail. Breech with no discernible date or proof marks. Rear sight with steady pin notch cut, no rear sight present. Correct Richmond style "pinched" front sight as found on Richmond short rifles and carbines. Richmond wood with lock mortise showing the correct "mules foot" and not cut for ramrod spoon. Brass buttplate and nose cap, which is secured by a single iron screw. Two barrel bands secured by springs, upper band with swivel stud ground off. Rear swivel broken off of triggerguard. Thin shank, tulip head iron ramrod with lap seam weld, likely period and possibly of Richmond production as well. Only about 1,300 33" rifles were produced at the Richmond Armory, making the short rifle the rarest of all Richmond produced long arms.

This rifle has descended directly through the family of Private John S. Churchman, of August County, Virginia. Churchman was a 37-year-old farmer when he was mustered into Company A of the 10th Virginia Cavalry in October of 1864. He was with the 10th for the remainder of the war, and was paroled on April 11, 1865 at Farmville, Virginia. During the period that Churchman was in service with the 10th, he would likely have seen combat in and around Petersburg, during the Valley Campaign of 1864 and the Appomattox campaign the following year.

.58 caliber, 40" barrel with three barrel bands, no S/N. Bright finish, smooth walnut stock. Lock marked with spread-winged eagle and US/ WATERTOWN forward of hammer and dated 1864 at tail. Breech with matching 1864 date, and usual V/P/[eagle head] barrel proofs. Counterpane with multiple markings including RPB and FEM script cartouches, a block F.E.M . and C.B. HOARD in a box. Correct pattern 1861 rear sight, musket pattern front sight/bayonet lug, correct pattern tulip-head swelled-shank ramrod. Both sling swivels present. C.B. Hoard of Watertown, NY received a contract for 50,000 US M1861 Rifle Muskets in late 1861 and a second for 20,000 in late 1863. Between 1863 and 1865 he only managed to deliver some 12,800 guns, placing his arms in the lower half of all Civil War contract rifle musket deliveries. Of the 18 contractors who delivered some 448,314 M1861 pattern arms to the US government only six delivered fewer arms than Hoard, with eleven delivering significantly more. This is one of the scarcer Civil War contract muskets and appears to be completely right in terms of configuration and inspection marks, with lock, stock and barrel all being original to the gun.

.58 caliber, 40" barrel with three barrel bands, no S/N. Bright finish, smooth walnut stock. Lock marked with spread-winged eagle and US/ WINDSOR LOCKS forward of hammer and dated 1862 at tail. Breech with matching 1862 date, no barrel proofs. Counterpane with script cartouche that appears to be LD , with the same cartouche present on the comb of the stock as well. Correct pattern 1861 rear sight, front sight/bayonet lug, correct pattern tulip-head swelled-shank ramrod. Lower sling swivel present, missing upper swivel. The US M1861 contract rifle muskets with the "Windsor Lock" marked locks are attributed to the earliest delivered by William Muir who had a contract to provide 30,000 rifle muskets to the US government. Only the earliest guns bear this lock mark, as later ones are marked with Muir's name. This is a very scarce variant of the US M1861 rifle musket with a nice, early war date.

.44 Henry, 24" barrel, S/N 11040 (mfg. ca 1865). Blued finish, brass frame and buttplate, walnut buttstock. Matching serial numbers on barrel, lower frame tang, buttplate, and in buttstock tang mortise. Screws unnumbered as is typical from this era of production. Two-line barrel address reads: HENRY'S PATENT. OCT. 16, 1860 / MANUFACT'D BY THE NEW HAVEN ARMS CO. NEW HAVEN, CT. Folding leaf rear sight in dovetail on barrel, no dovetail cut in frame. Butt trap in buttplate for cleaning rods that are not present. Slings swivel on reverse butt, sling bar on barrel. Lever lock on trigger plate tang. A salty, late war production Henry rifle that represents the epitome of the industrial superiority of the North over the South.